Saturday, September 27, 2025

Sivananda quotes

 



If you asked Sri Swami Sivananda what a busy person in the West should actually do each day to grow spiritually, he would likely point you to a deceptively simple framework: do a little meditation, a little prayer, a little study, a little service—every day—with sincerity. He called this Sampoorna Yoga—the complete Yoga—and presented it as a “Yoga of Synthesis,” weaving the classic branches of Yoga into one harmonious path.

The Heart of His Approach

Swami Sivananda’s “Yoga of Synthesis” is not a new sect or complicated philosophy; it’s the practical blending of Karma Yoga (selfless service), Bhakti Yoga (devotion), Raja Yoga (meditation), and Jnana Yoga (inquiry) into daily life. He boiled the essence down to a short exhortation he repeated at satsangs: “Serve, Love, Give, Purify, Meditate, Realise; Be good, Do good; Be kind, Be compassionate; Enquire ‘Who am I?’ Know the Self and be free.”

For those who wanted structure, he offered his Twenty Important Spiritual Instructions—a practical checklist ranging from when to wake up to how to keep a monthly spiritual diary. The thrust is steady, realistic habits that gradually transform the mind and heart.

What This Looks Like in Real Life

A few highlights from the Twenty Instructions show how accessible his approach is:

Begin early: Use the quiet pre-dawn brahmamuhurta for prayer or meditation. Even a short sitting here shapes the rest of the day.

Sit and breathe: Practice a daily seat for japa (mantra repetition) and meditation, adding a small dose of asana and pranayama (regulated breathing) to steady the nerves and mind. The aim is balance, not athleticism.

Keep a spiritual diary: Record your daily effort and review it monthly. This builds gentle accountability and visible progress.

Read daily: A short portion of elevating literature—scripture, saints’ lives, or a chapter from a trusted text—keeps aspiration bright.

Choose virtue deliberately: His “Song of the Eighteen ‘Ities’”—serenity, regularity, sincerity, simplicity, etc.—is a concrete character curriculum. Pick one virtue, practice it for a period, then move to the next.

Serve daily: Selfless service is not a weekend add-on; it is the engine that purifies motive and melts isolation. Swami Sivananda put it simply: do some good for others every day.

Even the tone of his guidance is accessible. In a playful cadence he summarized the daily rhythm: “Eat a little, drink a little… Serve a little, rest a little… Reflect a little, meditate a little.” Disarming in style, but effective in practice.

Why This Resonates with Western life

Swami Sivananda knew Western seekers lived full lives with jobs, families, and civic duties. He urged not escape but sanctification of those duties. His uplifting call was: “Thou art essentially divine… You are the spirit full of effulgence of the light of Satchidananda.”

This vision translates into practical routines: a 10-minute dawn meditation, a brief noon mantra pause, five minutes of evening reading, choosing patience in a hard conversation, and a small daily act of service. This is discipline without drama.

A Starter Plan for the Week

Day 1: Wake 20–30 minutes earlier for quiet sitting. Repeat a mantra, pray for the welfare of all. Note reflections in a diary.

Day 2: Add five minutes of gentle postures and breathing before you sit.

Day 3: Read two pages from a trusted text after practice.

Day 4: Pick one “Itie”—say, serenity—and practice it deliberately for 24 hours.

Day 5: Do one act of service anonymously if possible.

Day 6: End meditation with self-inquiry: “Who am I?” Reflect and then rest in the quiet.

Day 7: Review your week in your diary, noting gains and challenges.

A Warning to All Seekers

Swami Sivananda warned that outer practice without inner refinement hardens ego. Hence his pairing of meditation with virtue-training and service. The Eighteen ‘Ities’ offer a concrete list to measure against when life gets noisy. Over time, character steadies and choices simplify.

He also emphasized plain living and reduced craving—not dour renunciation but freedom from unnecessary burdens. Simplicity preserves energy for what matters most 

Yog vashist adi vyadhi

 “What are vyadhis* (illnesses) and what are adhis* 

(psychic disorders) and what are the degenerative 

conditions of the body? Pray, enlighten me on these. 

VASISTHA* continued: 

Adhi and vyadhi are sources of sorrow. Their avoidance 

is happiness; their cessation is liberation. Sometimes 

they arise together, sometimes they cause each other 

and sometimes they follow each other. Physical malady is 

known as vyadhi, and psychic disturbance caused by 

psychological conditioning (neuroses) is known as adhi.”


“Both these are rooted in ignorance and wickedness. 

They end when self-knowledge or knowledge of truth is 

attained. 

Ignorance gives rise to absence of self-control and one 

is constantly assailed by likes and dislikes and by 

thoughts like and have gained this, I have yet to gain 

that'. 

All this intensifies delusion; all these give rise to psychic 

disturbances. 

Physical ailments are caused by ignorance and its 

concomitant total absence of mental restraint which 

leads to improper eating and living habits. 

Other causes are untimely and irregular activities, unhealthy habits, evil 

company, wicked thoughts.

 They are also caused by the weakening of the nadis* or by their being cluttered or 

clogged up, thus preventing the free flow of life- force. 

Lastly, they are caused by unhealthy environment. 


All these are of course ultimately determined by the fruits of past actions 

performed either in the near or in the distant past. 



Yog vashist

 

expand the mind with the mind. 

Remain at peace within yourself, 

seeing the one infinite being in all.

 remain firm in your knowledge of the truth 

engage in appropriate action in a life of

effortless experiencing of the natural course of events.


intellectual knowledge is not knowledge! 

Unattachment to wife, son and house, 

equanimity in pleasure and pain, 

love of solitude, 

being firmly established in self-knowledge — 

this is knowledge, all else is ignorance! 


Only when the egosense is thinned out does this self- knowledge arise. 

uprooted by 

self-effort 

resolutely turning away from pursuit of pleasure

resolute breaking down of prison-house of shame (false dignity), etc. 

abandon all this and remain firm, the egosense will vanish


Remain at peace within 

mind silenced, 

free from desires and jealousy, 

do appropriate action in circumstances as they arose.


subtle nature of the world order, O Rama*. Some things appear in abundance and once again they manifest in abundance. Others are born now, having never been before; and having been now they are not born again. Others which have been before reappear in the same form now. It is like the waves on the ocean: there are similar ones and there are dissimilar ones.


There are three types of attainable goals in this world, *: 

desirable, detestable and ignorable. 

What is desirable is sought with great effort; 

what is detestable is abandoned; 

between these two is that towards which one is indifferent. 

Normally, one regards that as desirable which promotes happiness, 

its opposite is considered undesirable and one is indifferent to those which bring neither happiness or unhappiness. 

However, in the case of the enlightened ones these categories do not exist. For they look upon everything as a mere play and hence they are utterly indifferent to everything seen or unseen.




Friday, September 26, 2025

Thirumular


How to Realize God Bereft of distracting thoughts, ascending the way of ku∫∂a linî, seeking the Creator that created all, Him that is beauteous light, reaching the mystic moon in union, he becomes one with the Uncreated Being. That, in truth, is samâ dhi’s tranquility.

Tirumantiram 628 

Tuesday, September 23, 2025

Vivekananda's voice

 

"Talk to yourself once in a day, otherwise you may miss meeting an intelligent person in this world."

"You cannot believe in God until you believe in yourself."

"You have to grow from the inside out. None can teach you, none can make you spiritual. There is no other teacher but your own soul."

"We are what our thoughts have made us; so take care about what you think. Words are secondary. Thoughts live; they travel far."

"Truth can be stated in a thousand different ways, yet each one can be true."

 "Arise! Awake! And stop not until the goal is reached."

“Books are infinite in number and time is short. The secret of knowledge is to take what is essential. Take that and try to live up to it.”

"Ask nothing; want nothing in return. Give what you have to give; it will come back to you but do not think of that now."

"Never think there is anything impossible for the soul. It is the greatest heresy to think so. If there is sin, this is the only sin; to say that you are weak, or others are weak."

"That man has reached immortality who is disturbed by nothing material."

"Our duty is to encourage every one in his struggle to live up to his own highest idea, and strive at the same time to make the ideal as near as possible to the Truth."

"The moment I have realized God sitting in the temple of every human body, the moment I stand in reverence before every human being and see God in him - that moment I am free from bondage, everything that binds vanishes, and I am free."

"All the powers in the universe are already ours. It is we who have put our hands before our eyes and cry that it is dark."

"If money helps a man to do good to others, it is of some value; but if not, it is simply a mass of evil, and the sooner it is got rid of, the better."

"When an idea exclusively occupies the mind, it is transformed into an actual physical or mental state."

“Books are infinite in number and time is short. The secret of knowledge is to take what is essential. Take that and try to live up to it."

"We are responsible for what we are, and whatever we wish ourselves to be, we have the power to make ourselves. If what we are now has been the result of our own past actions, it certainly follows that whatever we wish to be in the future can be produced by our present actions; so we have to know how to act.”

 "Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life – think of it, dream of it, and live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, and every part of your body, be full of that idea and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success."

"The whole secret of existence is to have no fear. Never fear what will become of you, depend on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed."

They alone live, who live for others.”

“Be not Afraid of anything. You will do Marvelous work. it is Fearlessness that brings Heaven even in a moment.”

“All love is expansion, all selfishness is contraction. Love is therefore the only law of life. He who loves lives, he who is selfish is dying. Therefore love for love's sake, because it is the only law of life, just as you breathe to live.”

“You cannot believe in God until you believe in yourself.”

“Feel nothing, know nothing, do nothing, have nothing, give up all to God, and say utterly, 'Thy will be done.' We only dream of this bondage. Wake up and let it go.”

"External nature is only internal nature writ large."

“There is no limit to the power of the human mind. The more concentrated it is, the more power is brought to bear on one point.”

"In one word, this ideal is that you are divine."

Ramakrishna Mission and Swami Vivekananda: Contribution in Social Reform


Famous Swami Vivekananda Quotes Images

 “The great secret of true success, of true happiness, is this: the man or woman who asks for no return, the perfectly unselfish person, is the most successful.”

“In a day, when you don't come across any problems - you can be sure that you are travelling in the wrong path”

“In a conflict between the heart and the brain, follow your heart. ”

"Learn everything that is good from others, but bring it in, and in your own way absorb it; do not become others."

"Truth can be stated in a thousand different ways, yet each one can be true”

 “Whatever you think that you will be. If you think yourself weak, weak you will be; if you think yourself strong, you will be."

"All differences in this world are of degree, and not of kind, because oneness is the secret of everything."



"Be the servant while leading. Be unselfish. Have infinite patience, and success is yours."

“Take risks in your life, If you win, you can lead! If you lose, you can guide!?

“Experience is the only teacher we have. we may talk and reason all our lives, but we shall not understand a word of truth until we experience it ourselves.”

“Stand up, be bold, and take the blame on your own shoulders. Do not go about throwing mud at others; for all the faults you suffer from, you are the sole and only cause.”

 “Meditation can turn fools into sages but unfortunately, fools never meditate.”

“Learn everything that is good from others, but bring it in, and in your own way adsorb it; do not become others.”

"Comfort is no test of truth. Truth is often far from being comfortable."

"Do one thing at a Time, and while doing it put your whole Soul into it to the exclusion of all else."

“Anything that makes weak – physically, intellectually and spiritually, reject it as poison.”

"God is to be worshipped as the one beloved, dearer than everything in this and next life."

“If I love myself despite my infinite faults, how can I hate anyone at the glimpse of a few faults”..!

“Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life; dream of it; think of it; live on that idea. Let the brain, the body, muscles, nerves, and every part of your body be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success, and this is the way great spiritual giants are produced.”

“You have to grow from the inside out. None can teach you, none can make you spiritual. There is no other teacher but your own soul.”

“In a day, when you don't come across any problems - you can be sure that you are travelling on the wrong path.”

“All power is within you; you can do anything and everything. Believe in that, do not believe that you are weak; do not believe that you are half-crazy lunatics, as most of us do nowadays. You can do anything and everything, without even the guidance of anyone. Stand up and express the divinity within you.”

“The greatest religion is to be true to your own nature. Have faith in yourselves.”

"If you think yourselves strong, strong you will be."

“In a day when you don’t come across any problems, you can be sure that you are travelling in a wrong path.”

"As different streams having different sources all mingle their waters in the sea, so different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to God."

“The greatest sin is to think yourself weak”

“Anything that makes weak - physically, intellectually and spiritually, reject it as poison.”

“Dare to be free, dare to go as far as your thought leads, and dare to carry that out in your life. ”

“We are what our thoughts have made us; so take care about what you think. Words are secondary. Thoughts live; they travel far. ”

“Arise, awake, stop not till the goal is reached.”

"Each work has to pass through these stages — ridicule, opposition, and then acceptance. Those who think ahead of their time are sure to be misunderstood."

 “Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life – think of it, dream of it, and live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part of your body, be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success that is way great spiritual giants are produced.”

"Condemn none: if you can stretch out a helping hand, do so. If you cannot, fold your hands, bless your brothers, and let them go their own way."


 

Monday, September 22, 2025

Ramana quotes

 




Ramana Maharshi Quotes


By whatever path you go, you will have to lose yourself in the one. Surrender is complete only when you reach the stage `Thou art all' and `Thy will be done'.

 

Peace is your natural state. It is the mind that obstructs the natural state.

 

An ajnani sees someone as a jnani and identifies him with the body. Because he does not know the Self and, mistakes his body for the Self, he extends the same mistake to the state of the jnani. The jnani is therefore considered to be the physical frame. Again since the ajnani, though he is not the doer, yet imagines himself to be the doer and considers the actions of the body his own, he thinks the jnani to be similarly acting when the body is active. But the jnani himself knows the Truth and is not confounded.

 

When you give up thinking of outward objects and prevent your mind from going outwards by turning it inwards and fixing it in the Self, the Self alone remains.

 

Whatever is done lovingly, with righteous purity and with peace of mind, is a good action. Everything which is done with the stain of desire and with agitation filling the mind is classified as a bad action.

 

Pain or pleasure is the result of past Karma and not of the present Karma. Pain and pleasure alternate with each other. One must suffer or enjoy them patiently without being carried away by them. One must always try to hold on to the Self. When one is active one should not care for the results and must not be swayed by the pain or pleasure met with occasionally. He who is indifferent to pain or pleasure can alone be happy.

 

If someone we love dies, it causes grief to the one who continues living. The way to get rid of grief is not to continue living. Kill the griever, and who will then remain to grieve? The ego must die. That is the only way. The two alternatives you suggest amount to the same. When all are realised to be the one Self, who is there to love or hate?

 

Ask yourself the question. The body (annamayakosa) and its functions are not ‘I’. Going deeper, the mind (manomayakosa) and its functions are not ‘I’. The next step takes one to the question: Wherefrom do these thoughts arise? The thoughts may be spontaneous, superficial, or analytical.

 

Seeking the source of the ‘I’ serves as a means of getting rid of all other thoughts. You should not allow any scope for other thoughts such as you mention, but should keep the attention fixed on finding the source of the ‘I’- thought by asking, when any other thought arises, to whom it occurs; and if the answer is ‘to me’, you then resume the thought: ‘What is this ‘I’ and what is its source?’ 

 

After the rise of the `I'-thought there is the false identification of the `I' with the body, the senses, the mind, etc. `I' is wrongly associated with them and the true `I' is lost sight of. 

 

Liberation is not anywhere outside you. It is only within. If a man is anxious for deliverance, the internal Guru (Master) pulls him in and the external Guru pushes him into the Self. This is the grace of the Guru.

 

To enquire `Who am I ?' really means trying to find out the source of the ego or the `I'-thought. You are not to think of other thoughts, such as `I am not this body'. Seeking the source of `I' serves as a means of getting rid of all other thoughts. We should not give scope to other thoughts, such as you mention, but must keep the attention fixed on finding out the source of the `I' - thought by asking, as each thought arises, to whom the thought arises. If the answer is `I get the thought' continue the enquiry by asking `Who is this "I" and what is its source?`


What are sins? Why, for example, does a man drink too much? Because he hates the idea of being bound – bound by the incapacity to drink as much as he wishes. He is striving after liberty in every sin he commits. This striving after liberty is the first instinctive action of God in a man’s mind



 

Ramana Maharshi on Reincarnation


From The Teachings of Sri Ramana Maharshi

Edited by David Godman


Question:Is reincarnation true?


Sri Ramana Maharshi: Reincarnation exists only so long as there is ignorance. There is really no reincarnation at all, either now or before. Nor will there be any hereafter. This is the truth.


[Note: Comments by David Godman: Most religions have constructed elaborate theories which purport to explain what happens to the individual soul after the death of the body. Some claim that the soul goes to heaven or hell while others claim that it is reincarnated in a new body.


Sri Ramana Maharshi taught that all such theories are based on the false assumption that the individual self or soul is real; once this illusion is seen through, the whole superstructure of after-life theories collapses. From the standpoint of the Self, there is no birth or death, no heaven or hell, and no reincarnation.


As a concession to those who were unable to assimilate the implications of this truth, Sri Ramana would sometimes admit that reincarnation existed. In replying to such people he would say that if one imagined that the individual self was real, then that imaginary self would persist after death and that eventually it would identify with a new body and a new life. The whole process, he said, is sustained by the tendency of the mind to identify itself with a body. Once the limiting illusion of mind is transcended, identification with the body ceases, and all theories about death and reincarnation are found to be inapplicable.]


Question: Can a yogi know his past lives?


Maharshi: Do you know the present life that you wish to know the past? Find the present, then the rest will follow. Even with our present limited knowledge, you suffer so much. Why should you burden yourself with more knowledge? Is it to suffer more?


When seen through the sight of the supreme space of Self, the illusion of taking birth in this mirage-like false world is found to be nothing but the egotistical ignorance of identifying a body as "I". Among those whose minds are possessed with forgetfulness of Self, those who are born will die and those who die will be born again. But know that those whose minds are dead, having known the glorious Supreme Reality, will remain only there in that elevated state of reality, devoid of both birth and death. Forgetting Self, mistaking the body for Self, taking innumerable births, and at last knowing Self and being Self is just like waking from a dream of wandering all over the world.


Question: How long does it take a man to be reborn after death? Is it immediately after death or some time later?


Maharshi: You do not know what you were before birth, yet you want to know what you will be after death. Do you know what you are now?


Birth and rebirth pertain to the body. You are identifying the Self with the body. It is a wrong identification. You believe that the body has been born and will die, and confound the phenomena relating to the body with the Self. Know your real being and these questions will not arise.


Births and rebirths are mentioned only to make you investigate the question and find out that there are neither births nor rebirths. They relate to the body and not to the Self. Know the Self and don’t be perturbed by doubts.


Question: Do not one’s actions affect the person in later births?


Maharshi: Are you born now? Why do you think of other births? The fact is that there is neither birth nor death. Let him who is born think of death and palliatives for it.


Question: What happens to a person after death?


Maharshi: Engage yourself in the living present. The future will take care of itself. Do not worry about the future. The state before creation and the process of creation are dealt with in the scriptures in order that you may know the present. Because you say you are born, therefore they say, yes, and add that God created you.


But do you see God or anything else in your sleep? If God is real, why does he not shine forth in your sleep also? You always are, you are the same now as you were in sleep. You are not different from that one in sleep. But why should there be differences in the feelings or experiences of the two states?


Did you ask, while asleep, questions regarding your birth? Did you then ask ‘Where do I go after death?’ Why think of all these questions now in the waking state? Let what is born think of its birth and the remedy, its cause and ultimate results.


Question: What becomes of the Jiva (Individual soul) after death?


Maharshi: The question is not appropriate for a Jiva now living. A dead Jiva may ask me, if he wishes to. In the meantime let the embodied Jiva solve its present problem and find who he is. Then there will be an end to such doubts.


Question: Is the Buddhist view, that there is no continuous entity answering to the ideas of the individual soul, correct or not? Is this consistent with the Hindu notion of a reincarnating ego? Is the soul a continuous entity which reincarnates again and again, according to the Hindu doctrine, or is it a mere mass of mental tendencies- samskaras?


Maharshi: The real Self is continuous and unaffected. The reincarnating ego belongs to the lower plane, namely, thought. It is transcended by Self-realisation.


Reincarnations are due to a spurious offshoot. Therefore they are denied by the Buddhists. The present state of ignorance is due to the identification of consciousness (chit) with the insentient (jada) body.


Question: Do not we go to heaven (svarga) as the result of our actions?


Maharshi: That is as true as the present existence. But if we enquire who we are and discover the Self, what need is there to think of heaven?


Question: Should I not try to escape rebirth?


Maharshi: Yes. Find out who is born and who now has the trouble of existence. When you are asleep do you think of rebirths or even the present existence? So find out from where the present problem arises and in that place you will find the solution. You will discover that there is no birth, no present trouble or unhappiness. The Self is all and all is bliss. Even now we are free from rebirth so why fret over the misery of it?


Ouestion: Is there rebirth?


Maharshi: Do you know what birth is?


Questioner: Oh yes, I know that I exist now, but I want to know if I’ll exist in the future.


Maharshi: Past!…Present!… Future!….


Questioner: Yes, today is the result of yesterday, the past, and tomorrow. The future, will be the result of today, the present. Am I right?


Maharshi: There is neither past nor future. There is only the present. Yesterday was the present to you when you experienced it, and tomorrow will be also the present when you experience it. Therefore, experience takes place only in the present, and beyond experience nothing exists.


Question: Are the past and future mere imagination?


Maharshi: Yes, even the present is mere imagination, for the sense of time is purely mental. Space is similarly mental. Therefore birth and rebirth, which take place in time and space, cannot be other than imagination.


Question: What is the cause of tanha, the thirst for life and the thirst for rebirth?


Maharshi: Real rebirth is dying from the ego into the spirit. This is the significance of the crucifixion of Jesus. Whenever identification with the body exists, a body is always available, whether this or any other one, till the body-sense disappears by merging into the source – the spirit, or Self. The stone which is projected upwards remains in constant motion till it returns to its source, the earth, and rests. Headache continues to give trouble, till the pre-headache state is regained.


Thirst for life is inherent in the very nature of life, which is absolute existence – sat. Although indestructible by nature, by false identification with its destructible instrument, the body consciousness imbibes a false apprehension of its destructibility. Because of that false identification it tries to perpetuate the body, and that results in a succession of rebirths. But however long these bodies may last, they eventually come to an end and yield to the Self, which alone eternally exists.


Questioner: Yes, "Give up thy life if thou wouldst live", says the Voice of the Silence of H.P.Blavatsky.


Maharshi: Give up the false identification and remember, the body cannot exist without the Self, whereas the Self can exist without the body. In fact it is always without it.


Questioner: A doubt has just now arisen in a friend of mine’s mind. She has just heard that a human being may take an animal birth in some other life, which is contrary to what Theosophy has taught her.


Maharshi: Let him who takes birth ask this question. Find out first who it is that is born, and whether there is actual birth and death. You will find that birth pertains to the ego, which is an illusion of the mind.


Question: Is it possible for a man to be reborn as a lower animal?


Maharshi: Yes. It is possible, as illustrated by Jada Bharata – the scriptural anecdote of a royal sage having been reborn as a deer.


Question: Is the individual capable of spiritual progress in an animal body?


Maharshi: Not impossible, though it is exceedingly rare. It is not true that birth as a man is necessarily the highest, and that one must attain realisation only from being a man. Even an animal can attain Self-realisation.


Question: Theosophy speaks of fifty to 10,000 year intervals between death and rebirth. Why is this so?


Maharshi: There is no relation between the standard of measurements of one state of consciousness and another. All such measurements are hypothetical. It is true that some individuals take more time and some less. But it must be distinctly understood that it is no soul which comes and goes, but only the thinking mind of the individual, which makes it appear to do so. On whatever plane the mind happens to act, it creates a body for itself; in the physical world a physical body and in the dream world a dream body which becomes wet with dream rain and sick with dream disease.


After the death of the physical body, the mind remains inactive for some time, as in dreamless sleep when it remains worldless and therefore bodyless. But soon it becomes active again in a new world and a new body – the astral – till it assumes another body in what is called a ‘rebirth’. But the jnani, the Self-realised man, whose mind has already ceased to act, remains unaffected by death. The mind of the jnani has ceased to exist; it has dropped never to rise again to cause births and deaths. The chain of illusions has snapped forever for him.


It should now be clear that there is neither real birth, nor real death. It is the mind which creates and maintains the illusion of reality in this process, till it is destroyed by Self-realisation.


Question: Does not death dissolve the individuality of a person, so that there can be no rebirth, just as the rivers discharged into the ocean lose their individualities?


Maharshi: But when the waters evaporate and return as rain on the hills, they once more flow in the form of rivers and fall into the ocean. So also the individualities during sleep lose their separateness and yet return as individuals according to their samskaras, or past tendencies. It is the same after death – the individuality of the person with samskaras is not lost.


Question: How can that be?


Maharshi: See how a tree whose branches have been cut grows again. So long as the roots of the tree remain unimpaired, the tree will continue to grow. Similarly, the samskaras (past tendencies) which have merely sunk in the Heart on death, but have not perished for that reason, occasion rebirth at the right time. That is how Jivas (individual souls) are reborn.


Question: How could the innumerable Jivas and the wide universe which they produce sprout up from such subtle samskaras sunk in the Heart?


Maharshi: Just as the big banyan tree sprouts from a tiny seed, so do the Jivas and the whole universe with name and form sprout up from the subtle samskaras.


Question: How does the Jiva (individual soul) transfer from one body to another?


Maharshi: When one begins to die, hard breathing sets in; that means that one has become unconscious of the dying body. The mind at once takes hold of another body, and it swings to and fro between the two, until attachment is fully transferred to the new body. Meanwhile there are occasional violent breaths, and that means that the mind swings back to the dying body. The transitional state of the mind is somewhat like a dream.


Question: How long is the interval between one’s death and reincarnation?


Maharshi: It may be long or short. But a jnani (Self-realised man) does not undergo any such changes; he merges into the universal being.


Some say that those who after death pass into the path of light are not reborn, whereas those who after death take the path of darkness are reborn after they have enjoyed the fruits of karma in their subtle bodies.


Some say that if one’s merits and demerits are equal, they are directly reborn here. Merits outweighing demerits, the subtle bodies go to heaven and are then reborn here; demerits outweighing merits, they go to hells and are afterwards reborn here.


A Yogabrashta (one who has slipped from the path of yoga) is said to fare in the same manner. All these are described in the sastras (scriptures). But in fact, there is neither birth nor death. One remains only as what one really is. This is the only truth.


Question: I find this very confusing. Are both births and rebirths ultimately unreal?


Maharshi: If there is birth there must be not only one rebirth but a whole succession of births. Why and how did you get this birth? For the same reason and in the same manner you must have succeeding births. But if you ask who has the birth and whether birth and death are for you or for somebody distinct from you, then you realise the truth and the truth burns up all karmas and frees you from all births. The books graphically describe how all would take countless lives to exhaust, is burnt up by one little spark of jnana (spiritual knowledge), just as a mountain of gunpowder will be blown up by a single spark of fire. It is the ego that is the cause of all the world and of the countless sciences whose researches are so great as to baffle description, and if the ego is dissolved by enquiry all this immediately crumbles and the reality or Self alone remains.


Question: Do you mean to say that I was never even born?


Maharshi: Yes, you are now thinking that you are the body and therefore confuse yourself with its birth and death. But you are not the body and you have no birth and death.


Question: So you do not uphold the theory of rebirth?


Maharshi: No. On the ot

her hand I want to remove your confusion that you will be reborn. It is you who think that you will be reborn.


See for whom the question arises. Unless the questioner is found, such questions can never finally be answered.

 

Ramana atma vicharam

 


 

ATMA VICHARAM- ATMA DYANAM--SRI RAMANA MAHARISHI

  

இன்று மனித சமுதாயம் வலைதளங்களில் மாட்டிக் கொண்டு சிக்கித் தவிப்பது போல், எண்ண அலைகளில் மூழ்கித் தத்தளித்துக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது. இதிலிருந்து வழிபட வழி சொன்னவர் பகவான் ஸ்ரீ ரமணர் ஒருவரே. அவர் சொன்ன மருந்து என்ன? அவர் இயற்ற நூறு ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன் அருளிய அட்சரமண மாலையைப் பாராயணம் செய்தால் போதும் எண்ண அலைகளிலிருந்து உடனடியாக விடுபடலாம்.


தேடாது உற்ற நல் திருவருள்

நிதி அகத்தியக்கம் தீர்த்து

அருள் அருணாசலா (49)


மற்றும்


நுண்ணுறு உனை யான்

விண்ணுரு நண்ணிட

எண்(ண) அலை இறும்

என்று அருணாசலா (57)


மற்றும்


திரும்பி அகந்தனைத் தினம்

அகக் கண் காண்

தெரியும் என்றனை என

அருணாசலா.


இந்தப் பாடலைப் பாடும்போது மதுரை திருப்புகழ் அலமேலு அம்மாள் என்ற பக்தை, 'திரும்பிய கந்தனை' என்று பாடுவாராம்; அப்போது பகவான் ஸ்ரீரமணர் நிமிர்ந்து உட்கார்ந்து அவரை உற்றுப் பார்ப்பாராம்!

பகவான் ஸ்ரீ ரமணரை கந்தப் பெருமானாகவே கருதி வழிபட்டவர்கள் பலர், 'சிந்தை நொந்தவருக்கு கந்தனே துணை' என்பவதற்கிணங்க, பகவானை ஸ்கந்தனாகவே வழிபட்டுத் தங்கள் துயரங்களையெல்லாம் போக்கிக் கொண்டவர்கள் பலர். 'ஸ்கந்தா சரணம்' என்று சொல்லிக் கொண்டே இருந்தால் நம்மைப் பிடித்து ஆட்டுகின்ற துயரங்கள் எல்லாம் இருக்குமிடம் தெரியாமல் பறந்தோடிவிடும்.

'திரும்பி அகந்தனைத் தினம் அகக்கண் காண் தெரியும்' என்கிறார் பகவான். நம் அகத்தை மனதைத் திரும்பி நாமே பார்க்க வேண்டும். இதுதான் ஆன்மிகத்தின் முதல்படி. அப்படிப் பார்க்கப் பார்க்க எண்ண அலைகள் ஓய்ந்துவிடும். 'உதித்த இடத்தில் ஒடுங்குதல்' என்று பகவான் இதனைக் குறிப்பிடுவார். 'ஓடக்காண்பது பூம்புனல் வௌ்ளம். ஒடுங்கக் காண்பது யோகியர் உள்ளம்'. வௌ்ளம் ஓடிக் கொண்டே இருக்கும். ஆனால் யோகத்தில், தவத்தில் ஆழ்ந்திருப்பவர்களின் உள்ளம் ஒடுங்கிக் கிடக்கும். வெளியில் எங்கேயும் செல்லாது.


உன்னிடத்தில் ஒப்புவித்த

உள்ளத்தால் எப்பொழுதும்

உன்னைக் கண்டு எல்லாரும் உன் உருவாய்

அன்னியம் இல்

அன்பு செயும் அன்னோன்

அருணாசலா வெல்கும்

இன்பு உருவாம் உன்னில் ஆழ்ந்தே

என்று பகவான் ஸ்ரீ அருணாசல பஞ்ச ரத்தினத்தில் கூறுகிறார்.

நம்மிடம் உள்ள மனதை நம்முடையது என்று கருதி அதனிடம் அடிமைப்பட்டுச் சீரழிந்து போகிறோம். இதுதான் கொடுமையிலும் கொடுமை. 'மனம் நம்முடையது அல்ல' என்று கருத்து வேரூன்ற வேண்டும். மனத்தின் துணை கொண்டுதான் மனத்தை அகற்ற வேண்டும். நம்மிடம் மூன்று வித வாசனைகள் உள்ளன. அவை தேகவாசனை, லோக வாசனை, சாஸ்திர வாசனை ஆகும்.

ஒருமுறை பகவானிடம் சாஸ்திர விற்பன்னர்கள் வந்து வேத உபநிஷத்துக்களிலும், வேறு பல சாஸ்திரங்களிலும் அவர்களுக்கு ஏற்பட்ட சந்தேகங்களைக் கேட்டார்கள்.

பகவானும் அனாயாசமாகத் தெளிவுபடுத்தினார். இதைக் கேட்ட அனைவரும் சுகப்பட்டனர்.

ஆனால் அங்கிருந்த சப்-ரெஜிஸ்தார் நாராயண ஐயர் என்ற பக்தர் மனக்கிலேசமுற்றார்.

வந்தவர்களின் புலமையும், ஆர்வமும், அவரது சாஸ்திர படிப்பின்மையும், தன்னை அவர்களோடு ஒப்பிடச் செய்து அவரைத் துக்கித்தது.

பண்டிதர்கள் விடைபெற்ற உடன் பகவான் அதற்காகவே காத்திருந்தது போல், நேரே நாராயண ஐயரை நோக்கி, 'என்ன?' என்றார்.

அவர் பதிலுக்கு காத்திராமல் பகவான், 'இது உமிதான் ஓய்! சாஸ்திரம் படிக்கிறதும், அதை அடிபிறழாமல் ஒப்புவிக்கிறதும் பரமார்த்தத்துக்கு எந்தப் பிரயோஜனமும் படாது.'

உண்மையை உணர்றதுக்கு இந்தத் தொல்லையெல்லாம் தேவையில்லை.

சாஸ்திரம் படிக்கிறதாலேயே உண்மையை உணர முடியாது.

சும்மா இருக்கிறதுதான் உண்மை. சும்மா இருக்கிறதுதான் கடவுள் என்று கூறி நாராயண ஐயரைக் கருணையோடு பார்த்தார்.

சிறிது நேரம் சென்று, 'ஓய்! உமக்கு நேரே சவரம் பண்ணிப்பீரா' என்று கேட்டார்.

நாராயண ஐயர், 'ஆமாம்' என்றார்.

'கண்ணாடி பார்த்து உம்முகத்துக்குத் தானே சவரம் பண்ணுவீர். இல்லே கண்ணாடியிலே தெரிகிற முகத்துக்குப் பண்ணுவீரா?'

அந்த மாதிரிதான் சாஸ்திரங்கள். அது முக்தியைக் காட்டும். அதை அப்பியாசம் பண்றதும், அது காண்பிக்கிற வழியிலே போறதும்தான் அதுக்குப் பிரயோஜனம். அதை விஸ்தாரமா சிலர் சிலாகிச்சுப் போசறதும், கண்ணாடியிலே தெரியற முகத்துக்கு சவரம் செய்யற மாதிரிதான் என்கிறார் பகவான்.

பகவான் இயற்றிய அருளிய அட்சரமணமாலைப் பாடல்கள் இரண்டை நாம் எப்போதும் மனதில் இருத்தி, திரும்பத் திரும்ப பாராயணம் செய்ய வேண்டும்.


ஒன்று: உனை ஏமாற்றி ஓடாது உளத்தின் மேல் உறுதியாய் இருப்பாய் அருணாசலா


இரண்டு: ஊர் சுற்றும் உளம் விடாது உனைக் கண்டு அடங்கிட உன் அழகைக்காட்டு அருணாசலா


நம்மை ஏமாற்றி எப்போதும் ஓடி ஓடி ஊர் சுற்றிக் கொண்டிருக்கிற நமது உள்ளத்தை நாம் வசமாக்க வேண்டும். இந்த உலகில் தோன்றிய நம ஒரே கடமை அதுதான்.

லட்சுமி நரசிம்மன் பகவானின் பக்தர். பகவான் உள்ளது நாற்பதை (அவர் இயற்றியது) தெலுங்கில் மொழிபெயர்த்த போது, அதன் எழுத்துப் பிழைகளைச் சரிபார்க்க, பகவான் லட்சுமி நரசிம்மத்தைப் பணித்தார்.

பகவானிடம் உள்ளது நாற்பது பற்றித் தெளிவு பெற இது மிகப் பெரிய வாய்ப்பாக அமைந்தது. 'பகவானே! 'உள்ளது' அப்படின்னா என்ன?' என்று ஒருமுறை கேட்டார்.

பகவான், 'இங்கே இரு்கிறதை இரண்டு அம்சமா பிரிச்சுக்கலாம். நீங்க பார்க்கற விஷயங்கள் எல்லாம் ஒரு அம்சம். பாக்கற நீங்க இன்னொரு அம்சம். இந்த இரண்டுல எது பிரதானம். எது சத்யம்னு விசாரிச்சா சந்தேகமில்லாம பார்க்கப்படற விஷயங்களை விட பாக்கற நீங்கதான். இப்போது யார் இதையெல்லாம் பாக்கறதுன்னு உள்முகமா விசாரிங்கோ! இதுதான் உண்மையிலேயே சாதனை! இதுவரைக்கும் நீங்க செஞ்சதெல்லாம் இதை விசாரிக்காம செஞ்ச சாதனைதான்.

இதையெல்லாம் செய்யற... பாக்கற (நான்) உண்மையிலேயே எது? இப்படி நான்ங்கறதா வெளிப்படறது எதுன்னு விசாரிங்கோ.'

அதுதான் உள்ளது அதுதான் பரமார்த்தம் என்றார் பகவான். அப்போ ஆத்ம ஞானம்கறது அதிசுலபம்தானே என்றார் லட்சுமி நரசிம்மன்.

பகவான் புன்னகையுடன், 'ஆமாம்!' அப்படித்தான் முதல்ல இருக்கும். ஆனா ரொம்ப கஷ்டம் இதிலே இருக்கற தவறான கருத்தும் தப்பான பார்வையும் போகணும். அதுக்கு இடைவிடாத முயற்சியும், நாம் உடம்பில்லை.. சுத்த அறிவுதான்கற திட நிச்சயமும் வரணும். இப்படி சொல்றேங்கறதனாலே அது முடியாதுன்னு நினைக்காதேள். நான் யார்ங்கற விசாரம் ஒருத்தனுக்கு வர்றதே அருளுக்கு அடையாளம். அதுக்கே ரொம்ப பக்தி வேணும் என்றார் பகவான்.

பகவான் அடிக்கடி அருணகிரிநாதரின் திருபுகழான 'குமரகுருபர குணதர நிசிதர' என்ற பாடலின் கடைசி வரியான, 'அறிவை அறிவது பொருள் என்று அருளிய பெருமாளே!' என்பதைச் சுட்டிக் காட்டுவார்.

ஒருமுறை பக்தர் ஒருவர் பகவானிடம், 'பகவானே! ஆத்மாவை உணரணும்னு சொல்றாங்களே. அது எங்கே இருக்கு? இதை எப்படி உணர்றது!' என்று கள்ளமில்லாத உள்ளத்தோடு கேட்டார்.

பகவான் ஆனந்தமானார். இப்போ என்கிட்ட ரமணாச்ரமம் எங்கே இருக்கு? அதுக்கு நான் எப்படிப் போறதுன்னு கேட்டா நான் என்ன பதில் சொல்றது?

நீயும் நீ பார்க்கற எல்லாம் ஆத்மாதான். அதை எப்பவும் நீ உணர்ந்து கொண்டேதான் இருக்கே.

ஆனா அது தெரியாம ஆத்மா எங்கேயிருக்குன்னு தேடறதும், அதை உணர்றதுக்குச் செய்யற முயற்சியும் பண்டரீபுரம் பஜனை பண்ற மாதிரிதான்.

பஜனை ஆரம்பிக்கறப்போ எல்லோரும் காலில் சலங்கைக் கட்டிக் கொண்டு ஒர பித்தளை விளக்கை ஏத்தி விட்டு நடுவிலே வச்சு அதையும் சுத்திச் சுத்தி வந்து பஜனை பண்ண ஆரம்பிப்பா.

பண்டரீபுரம் ரொம்பத் தூரத்துல இருக்கு. யாத்திரை பண்ணுவோம். வாங்கோன்னு பாடுவா. உண்மையிலேயே விளக்கைச் சுத்திதான் வருவா. ஒரு அடிகூட முன்னே போகமாட்டா!

ஆனா யாத்திரை போறோம்னு பாடுவா. இப்படியே பஜனை விடியற வரைக்கும் நடக்கும். பொழுது விடிய போறப்ப இந்தா பண்டரீபுரம் தெரியறது. கொஞ்ச தூரம் தான்னு பாடுவா.

பொழுது விடிஞ்ச உடனே பண்டரீபுரம் சேர்ந்துட்டோம். இதோ பண்டரீபுரம், இதோ பாண்டுரங்கன்னு பாடி அநத விளக்கை நமஸ்காரம் பண்ணி பஜனையை முடிச்சுடுவா.

இந்த ஆத்மா விஷயத்துலேயும் இப்படித்தான்?

நாமளும் ஆத்மாவையே எந்த நேரமும் தரிச்சுக் கொண்டே இருந்தும், ஆத்மா எங்கே, ஆத்மாவை இன்னும் அடையவில்லையேன்னு பஜனை பாடுறோம்.

அஞ்ஞான இருள் நீங்கி ஞானம் புலரும் போது இந்த ஆத்மா இங்கேயே இப்பவே இருக்கிறதுதான். அது நான்தான்னு பஜனையை முடிச்சிடுவோம் என்றபோது பகவான் முகத்தில் அளவில்லா ஆனந்தம் விளையாடியது.

ஒரு சமயம் சாதனையில் சிரத்தையுள்ள அன்பர் ஒருவர் பகவானைப பக்தியுடன் நமஸ்கரித்து,

'பகவானே எந்த நேரமும் மனசை ஆத்மாவிலேயே வெச்சிருக்கிறது தான் ஆத்ம விசாரம்ணு பகவான் சொல்றது, என்னைப் போல் இருக்கிறவாளுக்க சாத்தியமாகுமா?'

ஒரு பக்கம் ஆபீஸ் பொறுப்னா இனனொரு பக்கம் குடும்பப் பொறுப்பு. வாழ்க்கையிலே பெரும் பகுதி இதிலேயே போயிடுதே! ஆத்ம விசாரம் பண்ண கொஞ்ச நேரம் தான் கிடக்கிறது. அதுவும் இடைவிடாம மனசை ஆத்மாவிலேயே வச்சுண்டிருக்கிறது சிரமசாத்திமய கூட இல்லை. எங்களாலே முடியாது. அப்போ எங்களுக்கெல்லாம் வழியே இல்லையா? என்று மிக ஆதங்கத்துடன் கேட்டார்.

பகவான் மிக்க கருணையோடு மெதுவான குரலில் அவரிடம் 'நீங்க வீட்டை வி்ட்டு ஆஸ்ரமம் வர்றதுக்கு புறப்பட்டேள். வழியில் உம்மோட சிநேகிதரைச் சந்திக்கிறீர். அவரோட க்ஷேம லாபங்களை விசாரிச்சுவிட்டு ஆஸ்ரமத்துக்குத் தானே வர்றேள்! அவரோடேயே போறதில்லையே! அப்படித்தான் இதுவும். கார்த்தால எழுந்தவுடன் மனம் அமைதியா இருக்கும். அப்போது அதுக்கு, அதுயார்னு நன்கு நினைவுபடுத்தணும். தூக்கத்துலேயே இருந்து அப்பத்தான் வெளிவந்ததுனாலே தூக்கத்தோட சுகத்தை மறுபடி மிக எளிமையா நினைவு படுத்த முடியும். அதாவது மனசை தியானத்துல விசாரபரமா ஈடுபடுத்தணும்.

கார்த்தால எழுந்த உடனே தியானம் பண்றது வீட்டை விட்டு ஆசிரமத்து்குக் கிளம்பற மாதிரி.

அப்புறம் நமக்கு உண்டான வேலைகளைக் கவனிக்கணும். கார்த்தாலே செய்த தியானத்தோட தொடர்பு கைலதாரையா இருக்கும். நமக்கு தெரியும். தெரியாது. அது விஷயமில்லை. வேலை தானே நடக்கும். இது தான் வழியிலே சிநேகிதனைப் பார்த்து க்ஷேம லாபம் விசாரிக்கிறத.

மறுபடியும் இரவு தூங்கறதுக்கு முன்னாடி கொஞ்ச நேரம் விசாரபரமா தியானத்துலே இருக்கணும். இதுதான் சிநேகிதன்கிட்டே சொல்லி கொண்டு ஆஸ்ரமம் வந்து சேர்றது.

இப்படித்தான் நாள் எல்லாம் தியானத்துலே இருக்கணும்.

கார்த்தாலே தூங்கி எழுந்ததுலேயிருந்து இரவு தூங்கறது வரை தான் வாழ்க்கை. இப்படி இருந்தா வாழ்க்கையே தியானமாயிடும்.

இதோட பரிபாகத்துலே மனம் தியாத்திலே இருந்தாலும், எதையாவது சிந்திச்சுக் கொண்டு விவகாரத்துல இருந்தாலும் ஆத்மாவிலேயே தான் நாம இருக்கோங்கற தெளிவு வரும்.'

மனசைச் சதாகாலமும் ஆத்மாவிலே வைத்திருப்பதற்கு பெயர்தான் ஆத்ம விசாரம். நான் சொல்றதோட அர்த்தம் இதுதான். இந்த தெளிவுதான் ஆத்ம விசாரம்.

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Ramana maunam

 

Calibri; RAMANA -----MAUNAM 


When Sri Ramana spoke on the subject of silence, he usually used the Sanskrit word mauna. In using this term he made it clear that he was not indicating a mere absence of sound; rather, he was referring to the unmoving, silent, peaceful state of the Self that is beyond and prior to the antonyms of noise and physical quietness.



For Sri Ramana mauna was both the state of the enlightened being and the medium through which an awareness of the Self is transmitted. He also maintained that those who could remain mentally silent in his presence were the ones who would be most able to take advantage of the silent spiritual energy that was flowing from him. Sri Ramana often spoke about how this process worked, and in this article I shall present some of his teachings on mauna that were recorded by Muruganar, one of his foremost disciples.



Muruganar began collecting Sri Ramanas teaching statements in the 1920s. He generally recorded them on the day he heard them by composing short Tamil verses that encapsulated the teachings he had heard. These were all shown to Sri Ramana, who corrected and revised them whenever he felt it necessary. Eventually these verses came out in Tamil in a book entitled Guru Vachaka Kovai (Garland of the Gurus Sayings). This book is the biggest collection of Sri Ramanas teachings that was personally checked and revised by him during his lifetime. Along with two collaborators, T. V. Venkatasubramanian and Robert Butler, I have spent the last three years preparing a new annotated English translation of this work. It is due to appear in English in a few months time. For this article I have selected some of the Guru Vachaka Kovai verses that deal with mauna, and I have arranged them by subject.



I have left some of the technical terms in the original Sanskrit or Tamil. The following brief definitions should be useful for those who are not familiar with these words:



Swarupa: ones own true nature, or ones own real form.



Atma-swarupa: Self, ones own true nature.



Jnana: knowledge, meaning direct unmediated knowledge of what is true and real, rather than knowledge of objects. Jnana is the state of irrevocable enlightenment.



Jnani: one who has attained jnana.



Brahman: a vedantic term used to denote the absolute, impersonal reality.



Heart: a translation of the Sanskrit hridayam or the Tamil ullam, this is a synonym for the Self or Brahman. It is generally used to denote the Self as the source of the mind and manifestation.



Jiva: the individual self.



Sivam: Siva is the deity; Sivam is the consciousness of Siva. As such it can be regarded as another synonym for the Self.



Iswara: the personal God of Hinduism.


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The Nature of Mauna



The mauna that is wholly and solely the Self is a state in which the consciousness that says I, being [revealed as] ignorance, dies away. This alone possesses excellence. If you ask why, the answer is: The desire for objects is the true cause of sorrow, whereas mauna is the expanse of being wherein there are no objects to desire.

NO DESIRE TO DESIRE


Atma-swarupa, the primal essence that is wholly consciousness, is experienced directly through the state that is entirely mauna. It flourishes and shines as the real nature of the [unreal] reflected consciousness whose form is the false I, the ego. This pure transcendental swarupa, the fundamental substratum, is the ultimate reality.


It exists as the extremely subtle light of being-consciousness; it is without the rising of the ego that objectively knows alien [objects] as this. Trying to know it, the intellect, the individual consciousness, grows exhausted and laments, I have not known it. It is concentrated mauna. Such is the Self, being-consciousness.



The radiance of consciousness-bliss that blossoms identically as the form of consciousness, both within and without, is the primal entity whose nature is the mauna that is wholly transcendental bliss. It is established by jnanis as the summit of true jnana that can never be rejected.



The foundation of the transient world that associates with us, as if it is extremely real, is the I am the body awareness. But the indestructible foundation for that I am the body awareness is mauna, the ancient primal source.





Mauna as Swarupa



Realise clearly that the experience of the bliss of peace can only be had in swarupa and not in this worldly life that arises through mental delusion;;

destroy that attachment to the world and attain the experience of swarupa, the expanse of grace, the ultimate state of silence.



Those ripe in jnana will describe the state in which the thought I does not arise at all as maunaswarupa. Swarupa, which is mauna, is indeed Iswara. Swarupa alone is the jiva and swarupa alone is this ancient world.




Bhagavan: The state where even the slightest trace of the thought I does not exist alone is swarupa. That alone is called mauna… Self alone is the world; Self alone is I; Self alone is God; all is the supreme Self [Siva swarupa]. (Who am I? essay version, The Path of Sri Ramana Part One, p. 187)


Swarupa shines radiantly in the state of pure silence. 


Those who have NOT experienced this swarupa,

 the ever-fresh ambrosia, and thereby have bliss surging forth in their Heart, 

will  rot away in this world by paying attention to the defiled sense objects which yield the tiny intoxicating pleasures that arise through mental delusion.



To abide in swarupa is to cease to exist as a slave; it is to remain without even the rising of the thought I am a slave; it is egoless mauna, utterly still, having no mental movements. The unlimited consciousness that shines in this state is the [true] consciousness.



Because of the excellence of swarupa, the oneness in which the seer himself becomes the seeing, ones real nature is the most exalted. The I-nature, the mauna-light in which the ego, the seer I, has completely died, is the Self, consciousness the supreme.





Mauna is the State of the Guru



The state of being the best among the noble disciples is this: a constancy of mind whence springs forth the feeling of supreme devotion that manifests when the I is lost in the radiance of the state of silence, the Supreme. 

Know and keep in your mind that this is itself the state of being the Guru.



The Guru, the benefactor of true jnana, who truly shines as the Self that possesses unlimited splendour, is the primal silence that puts to flight the perverse arguments that arise through the persistent stain of infatuation with the world.



Guru and disciple are only described as different through the imaginary feeling of being limited to a form. In the mauna union, the summit of jnana in which these two ideas [Guru and disciple] merge through the true experience of the Self, is there even a trace of speech and breath? As the ego, the cause that creates the sense of difference, is destroyed, the minds of the two become one through their real nature, pure being, and cease.


 In such a situation the talking and listening that consist of spoken words, which take place between the two, are of no use.




Abiding in Mauna through the Gurus Grace



Those of perfect and mature wisdom will declare: Reality, the consummation of jnana that shines in the perfectly pure state of mauna, the hard-to-attain vedantic experience, will, through the Gurus grace, spontaneously flare up and shine as I-I within the Heart.


XXX

By taking the Sadguru as your sole refuge, you should know that the cause of the continuous and distressing confusion that nurtures births is the fragmented mind which regards itself as different from God, Atma-swarupa. You should also learn from him the means for ending it [the fragmented mind] and, adopting that means, you should, through his grace, steadfastly unite with the Self, the ego-free swarupa, and abide in mauna. This alone bestows eminence.



Bear in mind that the true worship of the jnana Guru is only the Self-abidance in which the desire-free mauna surges once the disciple-consciousness that proclaimed itself as I is destroyed by the raging fire of the consciousness of the jnana Guru, he who is God Himself.



To destroy the form of the mind, enquire into the ego, the delusion, and enter the Heart. Only this is the worship of the lotus feet of the Gurus holy form, he who abides in the mauna that is beyond the mind.





Teaching Through Mauna



The abundant greatness of Brahman is that it cannot be made to shine by all the [various] utterances, expositions and lectures. Because that Brahman shines forth through the rare and precious silence of the Guru, that mauna-discourse is the most powerful exposition.



Youthful mauna Guru [Dakshinamurti], you who,


shining as the divine manifestation of God,


at the head of the lineage of Gurus,


reveal the supreme truth,


the unique speech of [mauna]


that is the minds source,


which is the mother of all language


but which, unlike the spoken word,


neither appears nor disappears.



All the ancient treatises on jnana


are merely an introductory preface,


enunciated by the learned,


to your book of mauna,


which confers true knowledge.


Are they not therefore alien to true understanding,


those who, even though they have studied all the others,


have lost their connection to that [book of] mauna?


(Ramana Puranam, lines 317-324)






The Dead Mind is Mauna



The mind that has died in ones Heart, the ocean of jnana-swarupa, is eternal silence. The transcendental expanse, the true Heart, the rapturous sea of bliss supreme, is ones true I [aham], which is replete with love.



The ego that has reached the expanse of mauna and perished there shines as the space of jnana. Therefore, when the false ego reaches the source and perishes like a false dream, the real I will rise up spontaneously.



To die [as an individual] in the unbounded silence and to be resurrected [as the Self] in this unbounded silence that is the non-dual reality is alone the attainment of liberation. The transcendent and authentic bliss that manifests in that state of jnana will flourish and remain forever as ones own nature.



Many are the evils [that arise] if one associates with crazy fools with confused minds who babble with their holy mouths. Know that only association with those in whom the mind has died and pure mauna shines is excellent association.





Mauna and Religion



Instead of merging in the clear state of mauna by enquiring and subtly experiencing in the Heart the reality, some people jump up angrily, mouthing arguments that refute other religions and substantiate their own creed, merely as a display of debating prowess.



Those who have learned the truth of the Supreme Self through scriptures alone, who have a high opinion of themselves because of their superior intellect, but who fail to attain quiet repose by enquiring into the one who has learned the scriptures, thereby immersing themselves in bliss  these people test those who are established in mauna. What can one say of their ignorance?



Since mauna, the culmination of jnana, is their common nature, all religions are acceptable as a means to advaitic truth, which shines unique and pure. They are therefore not opposed to the Vedanta that is the source of non-dual true knowledge of Brahman.



So long as mind survives, religion will also exist. No such religion can survive in the abundantly peaceful silence that results from the mind merging in the Heart as a result of turning within and scrutinising its own nature.



Do not vainly argue through the reasoning power of the intellect, which ignores the Self and clings to the non-Self, that reality exists; it doesnt exist; it is form; it is formless; it is dual; it is non-dual. Only the mauna that shines forever as the unfailing experience of being-consciousness-bliss is true religion.




Bhagavan: The doctrines of all religions contradict each other. They wage war, collide with each other, and finally die.


On this battlefield all the religions retreat defeated when they stand before mauna, which abides beneficently, sustaining them all.


The rare and wonderful power of mauna is that it remains without enmity towards any of the religions. (Padamalai, p. 297, vv. 1-3)


When a person dives into the Heart [by] focusing his efforts on the method Who is the I who perceives the differences in the doctrines [of the various religions]?, the ego I [which perceived the differences] dies, ceasing to exist. Only the ever-present Self survives. Can the feeling of difference be consistent with that state of mauna?





No Differences in Mauna




The arising and occurrence of questions and answers, which are inherently defective, is appropriate only in the fragmented, dualistic language of the world. But when one enquires, such questions and answers do not in the least find a place in the perfect language of mauna, which is transcendental speech, the non-dual experience.



The ignorant ego is the cause of the appearance of the utter delusion, the profitless feeling of difference. This [feeling of difference] makes you regard the non-dual supreme reality, the Atma-swarupa, the real nature of Guru and Siva, as split up into Guru-disciple, Siva-jiva, and so on. The true meaning of the prostration that you perform to them [Siva and the Guru], fully aware and in a fitting manner, is only the mauna in which the ignorant ego does not arise even slightly in the Heart.



The entire collection of knowledge that involves differences totally ceases and perishes in the mauna that is swarupa, pure consciousness. All the other divine states that appear to be many are only the sport of the power of consciousness, a mere appearance in ones real state, which is grace-supreme, the nature of supreme happiness.



You should know that the many varieties of dualistic differences that exist through objective knowledge are only a superimposition on the one Self whose form is pure consciousness. They are not real. Therefore, only knowledge of your real nature, whose form is mauna, is true omniscience. All the other kinds of knowledge that involve the knowing, knower and known are disgusting and insignificant.



The vision of absolute oneness is only that which is free from the differences engendered by the ego, the great delusion that has contaminated you. The transcendental silence, the divine grace in which jnanis disport and which is consciousness the supreme, is the supreme abode that has been realised by them.





The Shining of Mauna in the Heart



This consciousness that is ones true nature exists and shines motionless in the Heart, free from the pairs of opposites. It [this true nature] is mauna, the culmination of jnana that is not known by the ego-ridden mind, which is dull and demonic in nature.



The true vision of reality that is free from veiling ignorance is the state in which one shines in the Heart as the ocean of bliss, the inundation of grace. In the mauna experience that surges there as wholly Self, and which is impossible to think about, not a trace of grief or discontent exists for the jiva.



The Heart in which realisation, the wealth of Gods grace, mauna, shines profusely is the unique state of oneness. It alone conquers the hard-to-attain and diverse states of enjoyment, making them all pale into insignificance and cease.



The feet of Siva reside in the Heart as the Atma-swarupa; transcendental speech is the elegant and felicitous word that remains without rising up out of the Heart; ever-firm mauna is a worshipping-without-worshipping that is ceaselessly-flowing prayer to the feet of Siva through that transcendental speech. This [ever-firm mauna] alone is the natural and true worship that takes place in the Heart.



Those ripe in wisdom say that absorption in true jnana, which exists without the rising of the I, is alone the intense practice of mauna. For this mauna, which is free of obstructing thought, to flare up and shine naturally in the Heart, the primary means is to cling firmly to ones swarupa, the Self, through the enquiry Who am I?



A person should not extrovert his attention through esteeming and knowing external objects. Instead, he should enquire and know his ever-present true state and abide in the Heart. By doing so, the individual-consciousness that says I falls away, and pure mauna shines. This pure mauna is indeed the consummation of jnana.



The host of thoughts and intentions is extremely difficult to renounce. When, with these thoughts and intentions completely abandoned, the ego enters the Heart, mauna, the experience that has taken the form of the fullness, swarupa, shines in the Heart. Only this mauna is the excellent paravak [transcendental speech]. This you should know.





Attaining Mauna through self-enquiry



By turning towards the Self, a person should dive within and enquire, Who is the bogus independent entity who says I? Through that enquiry he should die willingly in the Atma-swarupa, which is devoid of the ego, and which is the true form of God. The excellence of the state of mauna that then shines, and with which he is indistinguishably merged, is the consummation of the practice of surrender.



The thought Who am I?, destroying all the other multifarious thoughts, will itself, like the long and sturdy pole used to stir the funeral pyre, finally die, leaving the perfect silence of mauna.



The state of mauna, pure consciousness, is experienced after the eradication of veiling and mental restlessness. This state of mauna is indeed the state of happiness, ones own swarupa, which should be attained in the Heart by the performance of enquiry, the practice of true knowledge.



Through the clear knowledge of reality, the target that is attained by the enquiry Who is the ignorant I who experiences misery in profusion?, the sun of jnana shines, causing the disappearance of the darkness of delusion. The consequent welling up of mauna is alone the bliss of peace.




Bhagavan: The most valuable thing in the ocean lies on its floor. The pearl is so small a thing, yet so valuable and so difficult to procure. Similarly, the Self is like the pearl: to find it you must dive deep down into the silence, deeper and ever deeper, until it is reached. (Conscious Immortality, 1st ed. p. 168)


You should redeem yourself by thinking-without-thought of the divine grace of God. How can this be accomplished by sprouting forth and rising up as I? To destroy the [outward-moving] attention of the ghost-like ego that proclaims itself as I seek the I and abide firmly in mauna, wherein you remain as That.




Bhagavan: Of course everybody, every book says, Be quiet or still. But it is not easy. That is why all this effort is necessary. Even if we find one who has at once achieved the mauna or supreme state indicated by summa iru [be quiet or be still], you may take it that the effort necessary has already been finished in a previous life. (Day by Day with Bhagavan, 11th January, 1946)


Clinging to that pure state which remains without any attachments, is clinging to divine grace. This alone is ones own state of mauna wherein naught else exists. To know and to merge in this state of silence through self-enquiry, and to remain always as That, is true mental worship. This you should know.





Attaining and Abiding as Mauna



That which is worth enquiring into and knowing is only the truth of oneself. Taking it as the target, it should be known in the Heart with a sharply focused attention. Only to an intellect that has subsided within, having attained a clear silence which is free from the turbidity and agitation of mind that sweats and suffers, will the means for realising this truth, which shines in an extremely subtle way, be known clearly.



Only mauna, the experience of Sivam that shines as consciousness, the supreme, is the true spiritual practice through which one becomes the reality, the supreme.



Since the reality, the perfect One, is completely established as wholly mauna, why suffer distress by continuously thinking I am That? When the mind has reached this state of mauna, this indeed is establishment in the supreme, which is abidance with the I extinguished. Once the I has completely died, there is absolutely no possibility of thinking I am That.



Being established in mauna, the clarity of peace devoid of the agitation of the mind, is the means for liberation. By focussed effort attain it, and by abiding as the peaceful being-consciousness that is heart-clarity, destroy the illusory agitation of mind.





The only thing that deserves to be attained is the vision of the mauna experience. In that fullness, the Self, nothing else arises. Therefore, for those who live in the state that is wholly Self, as the thought-free beauty, nothing that needs to be thought about exists.




Referring to mauna, Sri Bhagavan said, Silence is of four kinds: silence of speech, silence of the eye, silence of the ear, and silence of the mind. Only the last is pure silence and is the most important. (Sri Ramana Reminiscences, p. 62)


One should shine as the extremely pure transcendental firmament, free from the concepts that are the creations of the villainous ego-mind. This is the way of attaining the non-dual experience of mauna, that which exists as the experience of unbounded true jnana.




Question: Is the state of being still a state involving effort or effortless?


Bhagavan: It is not an effortless state of indolence. All mundane activities, which are ordinarily called effort, are performed with the aid of a portion of the mind and with frequent breaks. But the act of communion with the Self [Atma vyavahara] or remaining still inwardly is intense activity which is performed with the entire mind and without break.


Maya [delusion or ignorance] which cannot be destroyed by any other act is completely destroyed by this intense activity which is called silence [mauna]. (Upadesa Manjari, chapter two, question four. The Collected Works of Sri Ramana Maharshi, pp. 55-56.)


Since only mauna, the swarupa that shines through the pure mind, abides as the final doorway to liberation, whichever of the accepted paths a person may hold onto and advance along, that doorway [mauna] alone is the ultimate entry point and refuge.



This you should know: contemplating with the whole mind, and without a break, the non-dual supreme reality that is Atma-swarupa, is alone pure, transcendental silence. On the other hand, the mere lazy condition of a dull mind is only evil and intense delusion.



Enthroning the Lord upon the seat of the Heart and fixing the whole mind at his feet, worship him as your own Self, without a sense of difference, because he is your own swarupa. You should know that this true worship, performed naturally and without a break, is the fair nature of divine silence.





Mauna, the Unique Word



That which shines in mauna, the unique word, is the Supreme Brahman, the source that is devoid of names and forms which, like the azure blue of the sky, are all illusory and false. Contemplating that excellent and perfect Brahman through the transcendental speech that is uttered by the Heart when one remains still is alone praising it [Brahman] as it really is, without any attributes.



If one enquires, What is that excellent language that possesses in abundance both truth and clarity, which is the source of all languages, and which possesses divine nature? [the answer is] That unique language is mauna, which was taught by Dakshinamurti, who is jnana swarupa.



Mauna is merely the state of grace that rises from the Heart as the unique word.


Question: What is mauna?


Bhagavan: That state which transcends speech and thought is mauna; it is meditation without mental activity. Subjugation of the mind is meditation: deep meditation is eternal speech. Silence is ever-speaking; it is the perennial flow of language. It is interrupted by speaking; for words obstruct this mute language. Lectures may entertain individuals for hours without improving them. Silence, on the other hand, is permanent and benefits the whole of humanity. By silence, eloquence is meant. Oral lectures are not so eloquent as silence. Silence is unceasing eloquence. It is the best language.


There is a state when words cease and silence prevails. (Maharshis Gospel, pp. 12-13)


Referring to mauna, Sri Bhagavan said, Silence is of four kinds: silence of speech, silence of the eye, silence of the ear, and silence of the mind. Only the last is pure silence and is the most important. The commentary of silence is the best commentary as illustrated in Lord Dakshinamurti. Only silence is the eternal speech, the one word, the heart-to-heart talk. Silence is like the even flow of electric current. Speech is like obstructing the current for lighting and other purposes. (Sri Ramana Reminiscences, p. 62)




Know that the essence of supreme truth that is churned [like butter from milk] from the four Vedas, which are pregnant with many ignorance-dispelling words, is the one unique word mauna [that denotes] the identity of the jiva with the supreme.





Physical Mauna



When the ego that takes the filthy and impermanent body to be I ceases, mauna, ultimate truth, arises in the Heart. Is not the mere silence of the tongue observed by those who do not know this mauna, and who are without the self-enquiry that leads to jnana, just setting up a talking shop of the mind? Answer me!




Bhagavan always discouraged any devotee going mauna or taking a vow of silence. During the war I [Major Chadwick] decided that I would like to do so, chiefly to protect myself from the jibes of others. I went and asked Bhagavans permission. He was not enthusiastic and told me that it was useless to keep the tongue still but to continue to write messages on bits of paper which so many so called maunis [people observing a vow of silence] continue to do. In this way only the tongue had a rest but the mind continued just as before. I said that I had no intention of doing this but would throw my pencil and paper away. I felt that I had obtained a reluctant consent as Bhagavan agreed that people were worrying me. So I made the necessary arrangements, installed a bell from my room to the kitchen so I should not have to call my servant, and fixed a lucky day to begin. The night before I was to start, a friend of mine brought up the subject in the hall after the evening meal when only a few of us were present. Bhagavan immediately showed his disapproval and said it was unnecessary and in fact not a good thing at all. … Naturally after this talk I gave up the idea. (A Sadhus Reminiscences, pp. 91-2)


Question: Mauna means abiding in the Self, doesnt it?


Bhagavan: Yes. That is so. Without abiding in the Self, how could it be mauna?


Question: That is just what I am asking. Would it be mauna if one were to completely refrain from speech without at the same time having an awareness of the Self and abiding therein?


Bhagavan: How could real mauna be achieved? Some people say that they are observing mauna by keeping their mouths shut but at the same time they go on writing something or other on bits of paper or on a slate. Is not that another form of activity of the mind?


Question: Is there then no benefit at all in refraining from speech?


Bhagavan: A person may refrain from speech in order to avoid the obstacles of the outer world, but he should not consider that to be an end in itself. True silence is really endless speech; there is no such thing as attaining it because it is always present. All you have to do is to remove the worldly cobwebs that enshroud it; there is no question of attaining it. (Letters from Sri Ramanasramam, 3rd September, 1947)


Mauna is Sivam



Those who have seen the luxuriance of that expanse [of consciousness] will be consummated as Sivam, the supremely blissful silence. Their births  which waxed more and more through the delusion of I am the body, and the other delusion of regarding objects as mine  will be uprooted.



Having experienced sorrow by wandering extensively in all directions in the world, it will be foolish to continue to remain fascinated by it [the world]. Merge with the feet of Supreme Siva, the mauna which is the eternal Sivam that destroys the sorrowful movements of the mind, which are engendered by the ego.



Only those who have realised their beingness in Sivam have drowned themselves in mauna, the state of perfect well being. Abandoning the feeling of I in things that are alien to Sivam, abide in Sivam without any activity [of your own].



When the immaculate grace-mother illumines his swarupa, the jiva who remained in the chamber of darkness will sink in Siva-consciousness, the splendour of reality, and subside in the mauna that arises as his own real nature.



That which shines as the residue is the peace that is wholly consciousness. That indeed is the eternal Sivam. That residue, the consummate supreme, is [the real] I, the ego-free mauna that is the culmination of liberation.





Experiencing Mauna



Who is the one who shines as Siva swarupa, the Self, having lost his ego through true awareness of the Heart? Know that he alone is the one who is in the state of wisdom, who is established in perfect mauna, and who remains unmoved under all circumstances.



Those who have attained the life of jnana in their Heart will not at all desire the fragmented, transient and trivial life of the five senses. Is not that life of mauna the unsurpassed and never-ending experience of undivided Brahman?



The jnani who sleeps [consciously] in swarupa, remaining irrevocably immersed in the ocean of unsurpassed bliss, the silence of distinction-free swarupa, will not suffer in his mind and be ruined in the world.



Those who are united with the Self can only experience it. It is impossible, even for them, to think about the bliss of [this] union. Having lost the ego-consciousness in the state transcending bliss, they cannot even think of the means by which they settled in mauna.



He who is firmly established in the state of mauna that has taken the form of Brahman, and which rises and soars following the destruction of the ego, is a supreme enjoyer, revelling in true jnana. It is impossible for anyone to conceive of his experience of Brahman, which has the uniqueness of not knowing anything else.


David Godman at 6:54 PM








s the sorrowful movements of the mind, which are engendered by the ego.



Only those who have realised their beingness in Sivam have drowned themselves in mauna, the state of perfect well being. Abandoning the feeling of I in things that are alien to Sivam, abide in Sivam without any activity [of your own].



When the immaculate grace-mother illumines his swarupa, the jiva who remained in the chamber of darkness will sink in Siva-consciousness, the splendour of reality, and subside in the mauna that arises as his own real nature.



That which shines as the residue is the peace that is wholly consciousness. That indeed is the eternal Sivam. That residue, the consummate supreme, is [the real] I, the ego-free mauna that is the culmination of liberation.





Experiencing Mauna



Who is the one who shines as Siva swarupa, the Self, having lost his ego through true awareness of the Heart? Know that he alone is the one who is in the state of wisdom, who is established in perfect mauna, and who remains unmoved under all circumstances.



Those who have attained the life of jnana in their Heart will not at all desire the fragmented, transient and trivial life of the five senses. Is not that life of mauna the unsurpassed and never-ending experience of undivided Brahman?



The jnani who sleeps [consciously] in swarupa, remaining irrevocably immersed in the ocean of unsurpassed bliss, the silence of distinction-free swarupa, will not suffer in his mind and be ruined in the world.



Those who are united with the Self can only experience it. It is impossible, even for them, to think about the bliss of [this] union. Having lost the ego-consciousness in the state transcending bliss, they cannot even think of the means by which they settled in mauna.



He who is firmly established in the state of mauna that has taken the form of Brahman, and which rises and soars following the destruction of the ego, is a supreme enjoyer, revelling in true jnana. It is impossible for anyone to conceive of his experience of Brahman, which has the uniqueness of not knowing anything else.


David Godman at 6:54 PM 

Self surrender ramakrishna

 

Self-surrender in Bhakti and Jnana Paths

—Sri Ramakrishna’s Teachings

यो ब्रह्माणं विदधाति पूर्वं यो वै वेदांश्च प्रहिणोति तस्मै।
तं ह देवमात्मबुद्धप्रकाशम्‌ मुमुक्षवे शरणमहम्‌ प्रपद्ये । |

Om yo Brahmanam Vidadhati purvam
Yo Vai Vedanshcha prahinoti tasmai
Tam ha devatmaatmabuddhihprakasham
Mumukshurvai Sharanamaham Prapadye.

He who in the beginning created Brahma and delivered the Vedas to Him, in that Deva (the Shining, Divine Being) do I, the seeker of liberation, take refuge.

ॐ असतो मा सद्रमय तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय
मृत्योर्मा अमृतं गमय ।।

Om asatoma sadgamaya, Tamasoma jyotir gamaya Mrityorma amritam gamaya

Om, lead me from the unreal to the Real; lead me from darkness [of ignorance] to Light [of Divine Knowledge], lead me from death to Immortality.

Self-surrender in the Path of Bhakti

Sharanagati or prapatti, often translated as surrender or self-surrender, is an attitude of mind that enables the sadhaka to directly intuit the Supreme Reality as an overwhelming Divine Presence that is the acme of spiritual attainment in the path of Bhakti. Interestingly, self-surrender to God is considered not so much as means to the attainment of the ultimate goal of mukti or liberation, but selfsurrender in itself is the ultimate goal and is synonymous with mukti. Thus, self-surrender is at once the means as well as the goal. In this sense, it has been described as the surest, quickest and easiest of spiritual practices by Bhakti Acharyas like Ramanuja.


Every one of the Divine Incarnations (called Avataras) has taught Sharanagati or Prapatti as the highest form of sadhana, at once easiest and quickest. Sri Krishna’s exhortation to Arjuna, his dear friend and disciple, to take refuge in Him after having relinquished all other pursuits, is well known. (Gita, 18.66). Jesus the Christ said, ‘Come unto Me, ye that are weary and heavy-laden, I will give thee rest.’ Also, ‘I am the Goal and I am the Way.’ Sri Ramakrishna revealed and declared himself as the Avatar, the Divine Incarnation, openly and loudly, on the famous Kalpataru Day, the first of January 1886. Swami Saradananda, in the famous biography of Sri Ramakrishna that he christened as Sri Sri Ramakrishna Lilaprasanga (literally meaning, Of the Divine Play of Sri Ramakrishna), chooses to call this day not so much as the Kalpataru Day, but as ‘Day of bestowal of freedom from fear through revelation of Himself as an Avatar or Divine Incarnation.’ Sri Ramakrishna taught his disciples and intimate devotees (as told by Mahendra Nath Gupta, who styled himself as M, the recorder of Sri Ramakrishna’s immortal Gospel) the secret of self-surrender in the following words:

Just contemplate, think of, ‘this place’ (which is the way that Sri Ramakrishna would refer to himself, avoiding the phrases, ‘I’, ‘me’ or ‘mine’) and nothing else needs to be done. Whatever spiritual practices you need to do shall be got done through you at the right time. Whoever thinks of ‘this place’ inherits all the wealth of ‘this place’ just as a child inherits his father’s wealth.1

M, who was narrating this touching assurance of the Avatar of this age, added:

Do you know what his wealth is? It is jnana-bhakti, viveka-vairagya, shanti-sukha, premasamadhi (meaning, knowledge and devotion, discrimination and dispassion, peace and joy, love for God and ultimate union with God).2

In the path of Bhakti, surrender is the acme of spiritual realization as well as the supremely powerful path as well. The individual aspirant loses himself in the bliss of union with his Beloved God, his own ego melting away and getting reduced to zero. There being no two entities in this realization, it is in a sense the Advaita anubhuti (non-dual realization) that is considered the highest in the path of Jnana (Knowledge).

Sri Ramakrishna’s illustration in this context is so telling: A salt doll went to measure the depth of the ocean. The moment it entered the ocean, it just melted away and became one with the ocean. The individual ego that is the basis of name and form which forms the individuality vanishes and God alone remains as the one Reality. Call it Advaita realization if you like.

The devotees of God feel an ineffable sweetness, a transcendental bliss, in this union of the individual self (jivatman) with the Supreme Self (paramatman) and are supremely glad to lose their individuality in the Infinitude of their Beloved God. Merging of the individuality of the Jivatman with the Supreme Paramatman which the devotee-Jiva likes to conceive as the Beloved Ishwara is the Goal of Bhakti and self-surrender is the means to the attainment of such a union. Since there is no hiatus between the devotee’s self-surrender and the union with God, self-surrender is both the means (sadhana) as well as the Goal (sadhya). This makes it a ‘direct, infallible, easy and eternal path’—pratyakshavagamam dharmyam susukham kartumavyayam as Sri Krishna teaches (Gita 9.2).

Self-surrender in the Path of Jnana

We often think of self-surrender as belonging to Bhakti Marga (the path of Devotion). Interestingly, self-surrender belongs no less to Jnana Marga (the path of Knowledge) as to the Bhakti Marga. How? What does a Jnani ultimately achieve? Oneness with the Ultimate Reality in the form of Supreme Truth. The nature of the Ultimate Reality has been described in Jnana Marga as Sat-Chit-Ananda Swarupa (that is, Reality in essence, is Existence-Knowledge-Bliss, or Truth-Awareness-Joy). The Ultimate Reality can be realized through any of these aspects— Sat or Chit or Ananda. Whereas Bhakti Marga emphasizes the Ananda or Bliss aspect, Jnana Marga focuses on the Chit or Pure Awareness aspect. Jnana Margins of the type of Ramana Maharishi in the modern times and Ashtavakra in the ancient times emphasized the Sat or Truth aspects, although Chit or Pure Awareness gets interpenetrated with Sat or Truth as the two are non-different. We may say, in effect, that the pursuit of the Supreme Reality in its Sat-Chit aspects is Jnana Marga, while the pursuit of the Reality in its Ananda aspect is Bhakti Marga.


How does self-surrender come into this path of Jnana Marga as we normally and naturally take it to be the sweet and joyful merger of the little individuality of the Bhakta with the Immensity of his Beloved God Whom the Upanishad describes as rasa-swarupa (the Embodiment of Joy or sweetfulness)? Ramana Maharishi, one of the greatest and most outstanding Jnanis of the present age, always used to preach the path of self-enquiry (atmavichara) as the highest and the most direct paths to the Ultimate Reality. When sincere sadhakas (spiritual aspirants) used to express to him their helplessness in continuously pursuing the enquiry ‘Who am I’ through atma-vichara, he used to smile and say, then practise self-surrender to the Higher Power.

He used to say that there were just two paths: the path of self-enquiry (Jnana Marga) and the path of self-surrender (Bhakti Marga). Just as the aspirant in Bhakti Marga longs to merge his little individuality in the Immensity and Infinity of his Beloved God, and enjoy the bliss of union, the aspirant in Jnana Marga discovers, through self-enquiry and inwardness (antarmukhinata) which the Katha Upanishad calls avritta-chakshuh (senses and the mind turned inward) and agryaya buddhya, sukshmaya (sharpened, subtle Buddhi or higher intuitive faculty), that what he thought his individuality, his ahamkara (‘I’- ness), is in reality a myth and the Supreme Awareness, Infinite Consciousness (chaitanya) is alone real. It is not so much merger of the jivatwa (little individuality) with the Beloved God as in Bhakti Marga, but the realization of the non-difference of the Jivatman and the Paramatman. By the fire of Jnana (Knowledge of oneness) gets burnt, destroyed, the false notion engendered through ajnana (ignorance) that the Jivatman is different from Brahman.

The subtle difference, if at all, between the two Margas, Bhakti and Jnana in respect of self-surrender is that in Bhakti Marga, there is a sweet union of the individual self with the Supreme Self that the Bhakta enjoys and rejoices in, whereas in Jnana Marga, the separateness of the individual self and the Supreme Self is realized as a false notion, a myth, arising from ajnana or ignorance and there is no question of union or merger as there never was, there never is, there never will be, any separateness between the individual and the Supreme. Bhakti Marga therefore is sweet and joyful with the Bhakta ‘rejoicing and feeling exceedingly glad’ as Jesus the Christ said speaking about the imagery of the joy of union of the bride (Jivatman) with the Bridegroom (Paramatman).

On the other hand, Jnana Marga is austere and blazing—the Sun of Knowledge arising in the Jnani’s heart destroys the darkness of ignorance that is the false notion of separateness of the Jivatman and the Paramatman arising from ignorance